Comet Hale-Bopp Observations (September 1996 - May 1997)
These are mostly results of V-band CCD and other narrow-band observations obtained with 20-cm B-S camera and short focus lenses as well as visual (m1) estimates from the contributing observers. Details about the instrumentation and observing technique are described on the instrumentation and CCD Photometry of Faint Comets pages.
Except otherwise noted, observations are by H. Mikuz, Crni Vrh Observatory, Slovenia

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS
B = binoculars, L = reflector, S-C = Schmidt-Cassegrain, FFS-C = flat field Schmidt-Cassegrain, B-S = Baker-Schmidt, M=Maksutov, V = total V-band magnitude, m1 = total visual magnitude, CDia = coma diameter (at visual obs.) in arc minutes, ADia = aperture diameter (at CCD obs.) in arc minutes, DC = degree of condensation ( 0=diffuse, 9=stellar), PA = position angle (0=toward north, 90=east, etc.).

Visual and CCD photometry
1997 May 9.82 UT: m1= +0.6, CDia=10'. Tail 3o in PA 83o (S.Baroni, Milano, Italy, 7x50 binoculars).
1997 May 8.82 UT: m1= +0.5, CDia=10'. Tail 3.5o in PA 80o (S.Baroni, Milano, Italy, 7x50 binoculars).
1997 Apr. 24.81UT: V= -0.1, ADia=30' DC=8. Ion tail >5o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Apr. 18.80UT: V= -0.3, ADia=34' DC=8. Ion tail >7o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Apr. 15.82UT: V= -0.4, ADia=34' DC=8. Ion tail >7o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Apr. 10.83UT: V= -0.7, ADia=34' DC=8. Ion tail >7o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Apr. 8.90UT: m1= -0.9, CDia=~20' DC=8. Ion tail ~8o, dust tail ~12o. Naked eye. (R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia).
1997 Apr. 7.81UT: V= -0.5, ADia=34' DC=8. Ion tail >7o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Apr. 6.82UT: V= -0.6, ADia=34' DC=8. Ion tail >7o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Apr. 4.85UT: m1= -0.8, CDia=~25' DC=8. Ion tail ~15o, dust tail ~9o. Naked eye. (R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia).
1997 Apr. 2.79UT: V= -0.5, ADia=34' DC=8. Ion tail >7o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Mar. 30.80UT: V= -0.5, ADia=34' DC=8. Ion tail >7o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Mar. 29.85UT: m1= -0.9, CDia=~25' DC=8. Ion tail ~15o, dust tail ~10o. Naked eye. (R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia).
1997 Mar. 29.83UT: V= -0.4, ADia=34' DC=8. Ion tail >7o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Mar. 27.83UT: V= -0.5, ADia=34' DC=8. Ion tail >7o, dust tail >6o (90mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Mar. 27.81UT: m1= -1.0, CDia=~20' DC=8. Tail ~10o. Naked eye. (R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia).
1997 Mar. 25.80UT: m1= -0.8, CDia=~20' DC=8. Tail ~5o. Naked eye. (R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia).
1997 Mar. 17.83UT: m1= -0.6, CDia=~20' DC=8. Tail ~4o. Naked eye. (R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia).
1997 Mar. 16.17UT: V= -0.3, ADia=32' DC=8. Ion tail >6o. (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Mar. 13.17UT: V= -0.3, ADia=32' DC=8. Ion tail >6o. (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Mar. 12.17UT: V= -0.2, ADia=32' DC=8. Ion tail >6o. (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Mar. 11.17UT: V= -0.1, ADia=32' DC=8. Ion tail >6o. (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Mar. 10.18UT: V= -0.1, ADia=32' DC=8. Ion tail >6o in PA ~325o, (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Mar. 9.18UT: V= -0.1, ADia=32' DC=8. Ion tail >6o in PA ~325o, (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Mar. 7.18UT: V= +0.1, ADia=32' DC=8. Ion tail >6o in PA ~325o, (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Mar. 5.19UT: V=0.2, ADia=29' DC=8. Ion tail >6o in PA ~323o, (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Mar. 2.17UT: V=0.4, ADia=29' DC=8. Ion tail >6o in PA ~323o. Dust tail about 3o in PA ~260-305o. Moonlight conditions (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Feb. 28.19UT: V=0.5, ADia=29' DC=8. Moonlight conditions (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Feb. 23.19UT: V=0.8, CDia=~30' DC=8. Moonlight conditions (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Feb. 22.18UT: V=0.9, CDia=~35' DC=8. Moonlight conditions (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Feb. 21.20UT: V=0.9, CDia=~40' DC=8. At least ~5o ion tail in PA ~320o. Diffuse dust tail about 3o in PA ~250-320o. Moonlight conditions (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Feb. 18.19UT: V=1.0, CDia=~40' DC=8. (180mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Feb. 18.195UT wide-field 5-min image, taken with 3.5/65mm lens, CCD and narrow-band H2O+ filter, centered at 620nm (FWHM=10nm) shows at least 7o ion tail in PA ~315o.
1997 Feb. 10.19UT: V=1.6, CDia=~40' DC=7. At least ~3o ion tail in PA ~320o. Diffuse fan-like dust tail in PA ~240-320o (180mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Feb. 8.19UT: V=1.7, CDia=~40' DC=7. At least ~3o ion tail in PA ~320o. Diffuse fan-like dust tail in PA ~240-320o (180mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Feb. 7.21UT: V=1.8, CDia=~40' DC=7. At least ~3o ion tail in PA ~320o. Diffuse fan-like dust tail in PA ~240-320o (180mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Feb. 4.21UT: V=1.9, CDia=~60' DC=7. Diffuse dust tail in PA ~215-320, at least ~3o ion tail in PA ~320o. (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Feb. 4.18UT: V=1.9, CDia=~50' DC=7. At least ~2.5o gas tail in PA ~320o (180mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
Naked eye observation on Feb. 3.20UT shows ~12 deg straight tail in PA ~330 deg.
1997 Feb. 3.20UT: V=2.0, CDia=~60' DC=7. Diffuse dust tail in PA ~215-320, at least ~3o ion tail in PA ~320o. (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Feb. 3.19UT: V=2.0, CDia=~50' DC=7. (180mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Jan. 31.21UT: V=2.3, CDia=~60' DC=7. About 2o diffuse dust tail in PA ~218o, ~2o ion tail in PA ~320o. Moonlight conditions. (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Jan. 30.20UT: m1=2.3, CDia=~25' DC=6. Tail ~2o in PA 250o (8x40B). Rok Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia.
1997 Jan. 29.20UT: m1=2.5, CDia=~20' DC=6. Tail ~1.5o in PA 270o (8x40B). Rok Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia.
1997 Jan. 29.20UT: V=2.2, CDia=~60' DC=7. About 2o diffuse dust tail in PA ~218o, ~2o ion tail in PA ~320o. Moonlight conditions. (90mm, f/4 lens + V filter + ST-6 CCD).
1997 Jan. 17.20UT: V=2.8, CDia=~50'x30' DC=7. About 2o diffuse dust tail in PA ~190o, ~2o ion tail in PA ~345o (180mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Jan. 16.22UT: V=2.8, CDia=~50'x30' DC=7. About 2o diffuse dust tail in PA ~190o, ~2o ion tail in PA ~345o (180mm, f/2.8 lens + V filter + CCD).
1997 Jan. 14.21UT: m1=3.0, CDia=~13' DC=6. Star-like central condensation. About 1o fan-like tail in PA 355o (7x50B). H. Mikuz, Pliskovica na Krasu, Slovenia.


1996
1996 Dec. 4.71UT: V=4.3, CDia=~35'x25' DC=7. Fan-like tail ~1o. Dec. 3 and 4: several jets are present in inner coma: PA~40o:~7'; PA~62o:~12'; PA~90o:~5'; PA~290o:~3'. (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Dec. 3.71UT: V=4.3, CDia=~35'x25' DC=7. Fan-like tail ~1o. (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Dec. 1.71UT: V=4.2, CDia=~35'x25' DC=7. Fan-like tail ~1o in PA~55-130o. (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Nov. 24.70UT: V=4.8, CDia=~25'x15' DC=7. Strong moonlight. (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Nov. 19.71UT: V=4.7, CDia=~30'x18' DC=7. At least ~1o broad tail in PA ~90-135o. Three prominent streamers are present inside the coma: PA~45o/~12'; PA~70o/~8'; PA~92o/~6'. (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Nov. 9.73UT: V=5.1, CDia=~25'x15' DC=7. At least ~1o broad tail in PA ~80-125o. Three prominent streamers are present inside the coma: PA~45o/~12'; PA~80o/~8'; PA~100o/~8'. (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Nov. 8.75UT: V=5.0, CDia=~25'x15' DC=7. At least ~1o broad tail in PA ~80-125o. (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Nov 8.75 in 25x150B: type II tail dominates the scene; also 1.3 deg. type I faint tail at p.a. 55 deg. Features noted on Nov 3.75 still present [ZAN].
1996 Nov. 8.75UT: m1=5.0, CDia=15' DC=6-7. Tail ~2o in PA 85o (7x42B). M. V. Zanotta, Italy.
1996 Nov. 3.75UT in 25x150B: coma dominated by a bright star-like nucleus; also present is a disk like central condensation, nearly 2' in diameter; the sharp central part of the coma is offset lower-left with respect to geometric center of a diffuse and flattened in sunward direction, outer coma. There are short jets within the coma at p.a. 50, 80, 130 and 330 deg; also 20' spike at p.a. 20 deg. Tabulated tail's data refers to tipe I, straight and quite faint one; tipe II tail also present - p.a. 115 deg, 1.0 deg in length - looks very broad, sharply curved southward and diffuse but brighter than tipe I one [ZAN].
1996 Nov. 3.75UT: m1=5.0, CDia=13' DC=6-7. Tail ~1.5o in PA 70o (7x42B). M. V. Zanotta, Italy.
1996 Nov. 1.74UT: V=5.0, CDia=~25'x20' DC=7 (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Oct. 30.76UT: V=5.2, CDia=~25'x20' DC=7. Broad fan-like tail at least ~1o in PA ~80-125o (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Oct. 23.74UT: V=5.0, CDia=~25'x20' DC=7. Broad fan-like tail at least ~1o in PA ~95-125o (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Oct. 12.76UT: V=5.0, CDia=~30'x20' DC=7. Broad fan-like tail at least ~1o in PA ~100-135o (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
Oct. 2.81, 3.81UT in 25x150B: oval diffuse outer coma with sharp star-like nuclear region surrounded by 2.5' disk-like central condensation; small jet-like features within inner coma suspected but not as easily visible as in Sep.; curved tail/fountain ends at p.a. 70 deg and could reach 2 deg. in lenght; also 1.5 deg tail (possibly type I) at p.a. 90 deg; spike, nearly 0.5 deg, long at p.a. 110 deg; fan tail p.a. 0 - 90 deg [ZAN].
1996 Oct. 3.81UT: m1=5.4 (naked-eye estimate). M. V. Zanotta.
1996 Oct. 3.80UT: V=5.3, CDia=~20' DC=7. Broad fan-like tail at least ~1o in PA ~115o (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Oct. 2.81UT: m1=5.4 (naked-eye estimate). M. V. Zanotta.
1996 Oct. 2.81UT: m1=5.5, CDia=13' DC=6-7. Tail ~1.5o in PA 70o (7x42B). M. V. Zanotta, Mt. Ponna, Italy.
1996 Sep. 30.79UT: V=5.3, CDia=~20' DC=7. Broad fan-like tail at least ~1o in PA ~115o. Conspicious jet (probably ion tail) ~7' long, extending from nuclear region in PA 50o. Two other jets ~5' long in PA 90o and 105o (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Sep. 30.75UT: m1=5.5, CDia=~13' DC=6. Tail ~0.5o in PA ~120o (8x40B). R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia.
1996 Sep. 29.78UT: m1=5.6, CDia=11' DC=6-7. Tail ~1.2o in PA 70o (7x42B). M. V. Zanotta, Mt. Ponna, Italy.
Sep. 28.78UT in 20x80B: oval diffuse outer coma with sharp star-like nuclear region surrounded by 2.5' disk-like central condensation; fan tail p.a. 0 - 90 deg; curved tail/fountain starts north of false nucleus and ends at p.a. 70 deg; also &1 deg tail at p.a. 90 deg. [ZAN].
1996 Sep. 28.78UT: m1=5.7, CDia=8' (20x80B). M. V. Zanotta, Laino, Italy.
Sep. 15.82: in 25x150B the fountain/dust tail feature looks broader, brighter and more curved than previous nights. Small details in the inner coma still visible [ZAN].
1996 Sep. 15.82UT: m1= 5.6, CDia=11' DC=5. Tail ~0.8o in PA 70o (7x42B). M.V.Zanotta, S. Bartolomeo, Italy.
1996 Sep. 14.89UT: m1=5.7, CDia=~13' DC=6 (8x40B). R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia.
Sep. 14.80: in 41 L, f/4.5, 188x: oval outer coma with 2' disk-like central condensation and prominent star-like false nucleus. Features as for Sep. 13.84: those at p.a. 30 -bigger, brigter- and 135 deg are curved while other two are straight and narrow (jet like) [ZAN].
1996 Sep. 14.82UT: m1= 5.6, CDia=11'. Tail ~0.8o in PA 70o (7x42B). M.V.Zanotta, S. Bartolomeo, Italy.
1996 Sep. 13.84: in 25x150B oval diffuse outer coma with strong star-like nuclear region surrounded by a 2.5' disk-like central condensation. Small but easy features within inner coma as never seen in other comets before in a 25x scope: spikes nearly 3' long at P.A. 0 and 30 deg; spike nearly 5'long at P.A. 135 and 305 deg.; broad fan tail, centered at p.a. 105 deg. Curved huge fountain/tail starts to the North and bends toward East [ZAN].
1996 Sep. 13.83UT: m1= 5.6, CDia=11'. Tail ~0.8o in PA 70o (7x42B). M.V.Zanotta, S. Bartolomeo, Italy.
1996 Sep. 10.87UT: m1=5.4, CDia=~12' DC=7 (8x40B). R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia.
1996 Sep. 9.80UT: V=6.0, CDia=~18'x25' DC=7. Broad fan-like tail at least ~1o in PA ~115o. Conspicious jet (probably ion tail) ~5' long, extending from nuclear region in PA 47o (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Sep. 8.77UT: m1=5.4, CDia=14' DC=5. Tail 1o in PA 80o. (7x42B). M. V. Zanotta, Milano, Italy.
Sep. 7.82 in 25x150B: Aug. 31.86 description still adequate; new spike at p.a. 355 deg., 0.4 deg. long also noted [ZAN].
1996 Sep. 7.82UT: m1=5.4, CDia=14' DC=5. Tail 1o in PA 85o (7x42B). M. V. Zanotta, Milano, Italy.
Sep. 1.87, 5.83, 6.86 in 25x150B: see above Aug. 31.86 description [ZAN].
1996 Sep. 6.86UT: m1=5.4, CDia=14' DC=5. Tail 1o in PA 85o (7x42B). M. V. Zanotta, Milano, Italy.
1996 Sep. 5.94UT: m1=5.3, CDia=~12' DC=7 (8x40B). R. Palcic, Kamnik, Slovenia.
1996 Sep. 5.82UT: V=6.1, CDia=~25' DC=7. Broad, fan-like tail at least 1o in PA ~115o. Jet-like feature ~5' long, extending from nuclear region in PA 47o (20-cm, f/2 B-S camera + V filter + CCD).
1996 Sep. 1.87UT: m1=5.4, CDia=14' DC=5. Tail 1o in PA 90o (7x42B). M. V. Zanotta, Milano, Italy.
1996 Sep. 1.87UT: m1=5.3, CDia=~20' (naked-eye). M. V. Zanotta, Milano, Italy.

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